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Biology 220.  Microbiology
Dr. Randall F. Howard, Winter '03

Lecture Topics and Related Information

Introduction, history, and microbial world
                Discovery of microorganisms (in PowerPoint)
                Major groups of microorganisms (in PowerPoint)
                Koch's Postulates
                Quantities of normal flora in humans (table)
   
            Some of the bacteria we will encounter this quarter


Cell structures 
                Bacterial and Archaeal membrane lipids (from The Surprising Archaea)
                Example of leprosy (picture and text from a Discover magazine article)
                Cholera in Somalia (Seattle P-I article)
                Sulfur inclusions in Thiomargarita namibiensis (in PowerPoint)
                Eukaryotic cell organelles (in PowerPoint)

Microbial Metabolism
                Energy from Metabolism (in PowerPoint)

Microbial Growth
                Video of binary fission of E. coli (requires Real Player or QuickTime)
   
             Video of endospore formation in Bacillus (requires Real Player or QuickTime)
                Endospore Formation (in PowerPoint)
                Anaerobic growth chambers in late 19th Century lab
                        (precursor for the National Institutes of Health in Washington, D.C.)

Food Microbiology
                The automat as an historic, hygienic, quick-food outlet
                The water activity of food and its relationship to microbial growth
   
            Electron micrograph showing a cross-section of 2 epithelial cells  
                            and the "junctions" between them 
                Prison outbreak of Campylobacter is in the news
                Learn more about cholera and cholera toxin     
                Reported infectious diseases for King County, January, 2002 (go to bottom of page)
   
             Bacillus cereus -- quick food poisoning case study in the MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

Attempts to Control Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics (the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology)                            
                Segments of Nova's "Cracking the Code of Life". Check them out, 
                            especially segment #9. (requires RealNetworks RealPlayer or 
   
                         Windows Media Player)
                Learn more about cystic fibrosis
                Hypotheses that investigate the role of CFTR (the protein that is mutated in 
   
                         cystic fibrosis) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clearance in the lungs and
                              Salmonella typhi infection can be found in the references: 1, 2, 3, and
                            also in the journal
Nature (1998) May 7;393(6680):79-82
                DNA replication, a self-assessment tool (in PowerPoint)
                Preferred usage of the term coding strand of DNA
                Ames test -- an example on the Web

 

The Structure and Discovery of Viruses:  Bacteriophage  
                TMV Self-assembly and Bacteriophage Structure
                "Hotspots" of mutation in a phage genome
                Variant plaque morphology resulting from mutations in a phage genome
                The temperate filamentous CTX
phi of Vibrio cholerae, can be found as a prophage in the bacterial chromosome
                The leading cause of Otitis Media, Streptococcus pneumoniae, is sensitive to penicillin,
                                but it may also be possible to treat it in the future with 
                                Pal (pneumococcal bacteriophage lysozyme)

Genetic Transfer and Recombination

Animal Viruses
                Supplementary material on animal viruses
                Retroviruses and adeno-associated viruses (AAV) in genetic engineering (Feb. 28, 2003 Seattle P-I article)

Pathogens and Diseases of Respiratory, Nervous, and Genito-Urinary Systems
                Characteristics of selected pathogens and their diseases
                Katrin Cartlidge obituary -- death from pneumonia followed by septicemia

Antimicrobial Drugs and Drug Resistance
                Drug Resistance (in PowerPoint)

Innate Immunity  -- some components are considered "non-specific"
                Innate Immunity compared to Acquired ("Adaptive") Immunity

The Immune Response & Acquired Immunity
                The Structures of Immunoglobulins -- visual supplements to lecture material

Lab Practicum -- Microbiological microscope practice cases
                An on-line and searchable Medical Microbiology textbook